CONSONANTS IN VIETNAMESE
b is pronounced as “b” in “bar”
c ------------------- “c” in “consonant (UK)”
d ------------------- “z” in “zoo”
đ ------------------- “d” in “do”
g ------------------- “g” in “gas”
h ------------------- “h” in “hi”
l ------------------ “l” in “long”
m ------------------ “m” in “mother”
n ------------------- “n” in “new”
p ------------------- “p” in “respond”
r ------------------- “r” in “rude”
s ------------------- “s” in “short”
t ------------------- “t” in “touch”
v ------------------- “v” in “very”
x ------------------- “x” in “summer”
ng------------------ “ng” in “sing”
nh ------------------ no similar sound
ph ------------------ “f” in “face”
ch ------------------ “ch” in “cheap”
tr ------------------- “tr” in “true”
th ------------------- “th” in “Thailand”
kh ------------------- “q” in “quack”
(In Hanoi, “r” is pronounced as “d”, “tr” as “ch”, and “s” as “x”).
The sounds and letters
(1) Initial consonant /k/ is written with 3 letters: “k”, “q”, “c”
+ “k” is written before vowels: i, ê, e, iê. Ví dụ: kiến, kem, kết, kí…
+ “q” is written before the semi-vowel /w/ (which is written with u). Ví dụ: quân, quá, quyết,...
+ “c” is written before other vowels: cá, cơm, còn, cũ, cổ, cần...
(2) Initial cosonant /ŋ/ written with 2 letters “ng” và “ngh”:
+ “ngh” is written before vowels: i, ê, e, iê. Ví dụ: nghĩ, nghề, nghe, nghiêng…
+ “ng” is written before other vowels: nga, ngắn, ngõ, ngủ,...
(3) Initial cosonant /ɣ/ written with 2 letters “g” và “gh”:
+ “gh” is written before vowels: i, ê, e, iê. Ví dụ: ghi, ghế, ghen,…
+ “ng” is written before other vowels: gà, gần, góc, gốc,...
(4) Semi- vowels /w/ is written with 2 letters: “o”, “u”
+ “o” is written before a, ă, e. Ví dụ: hoa, xoăn, khỏe,...
+ “u” is written before â, ê, y. Ví dụ: tuần, huế, huy,...
(Semi- vowel /w/ doesn’t go with o, ô, u, ư).
(5) Final sound /ŋ/ is written with “ng” and “nh”:
+ “nh” is written after 3 vowels: a, ê, i. Ví dụ: anh, bệnh, mình,...
+ “ng” is written after other vowels. Ví dụ: hàng, trong, ông, cùng, vâng, chưng, uống, thường,...
(6) Final sound /k/ is written with “c” and “ch”:
+ “ch” is written after 3 vowels: a, ê, i. Ví dụ: khách, ếch, thích,...
+ “c” is written after other vowels. Ví dụ: khác, bác, bắc, học, ốc, úc, thuốc, được, nước,...
(7) Final sound /w/ is written with “o” and “u”:
+ “o” is written after 2 vowels: a, e. Ví dụ: chào, mèo, sao, nghèo,...
+ “u” is written after other vowels. Ví dụ: sau, nếu, yêu, rượu, hưu, chiều,....
(Final sound /w/ doesn’t go with o, ô, u, uô).
(8) Final sound /j/ is written with “i” and “y”:
+ “y” is written after 2 short vowels: ă, â. Ví dụ: này, đây, ngày, ấy,....
+ “i” is written after other vowels (long vowels). Ví dụ: mai, ơi, vui, tối, hỏi, gửi, nói,....
(Final sound /i/ doesn’t go with e, ê, i, iê, yê).
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Thank you so much!
b is pronounced as “b” in “bar”
c ------------------- “c” in “consonant (UK)”
d ------------------- “z” in “zoo”
đ ------------------- “d” in “do”
g ------------------- “g” in “gas”
h ------------------- “h” in “hi”
l ------------------ “l” in “long”
m ------------------ “m” in “mother”
n ------------------- “n” in “new”
p ------------------- “p” in “respond”
r ------------------- “r” in “rude”
s ------------------- “s” in “short”
t ------------------- “t” in “touch”
v ------------------- “v” in “very”
x ------------------- “x” in “summer”
ng------------------ “ng” in “sing”
nh ------------------ no similar sound
ph ------------------ “f” in “face”
ch ------------------ “ch” in “cheap”
tr ------------------- “tr” in “true”
th ------------------- “th” in “Thailand”
kh ------------------- “q” in “quack”
(In Hanoi, “r” is pronounced as “d”, “tr” as “ch”, and “s” as “x”).
The sounds and letters
(1) Initial consonant /k/ is written with 3 letters: “k”, “q”, “c”
+ “k” is written before vowels: i, ê, e, iê. Ví dụ: kiến, kem, kết, kí…
+ “q” is written before the semi-vowel /w/ (which is written with u). Ví dụ: quân, quá, quyết,...
+ “c” is written before other vowels: cá, cơm, còn, cũ, cổ, cần...
(2) Initial cosonant /ŋ/ written with 2 letters “ng” và “ngh”:
+ “ngh” is written before vowels: i, ê, e, iê. Ví dụ: nghĩ, nghề, nghe, nghiêng…
+ “ng” is written before other vowels: nga, ngắn, ngõ, ngủ,...
(3) Initial cosonant /ɣ/ written with 2 letters “g” và “gh”:
+ “gh” is written before vowels: i, ê, e, iê. Ví dụ: ghi, ghế, ghen,…
+ “ng” is written before other vowels: gà, gần, góc, gốc,...
(4) Semi- vowels /w/ is written with 2 letters: “o”, “u”
+ “o” is written before a, ă, e. Ví dụ: hoa, xoăn, khỏe,...
+ “u” is written before â, ê, y. Ví dụ: tuần, huế, huy,...
(Semi- vowel /w/ doesn’t go with o, ô, u, ư).
(5) Final sound /ŋ/ is written with “ng” and “nh”:
+ “nh” is written after 3 vowels: a, ê, i. Ví dụ: anh, bệnh, mình,...
+ “ng” is written after other vowels. Ví dụ: hàng, trong, ông, cùng, vâng, chưng, uống, thường,...
(6) Final sound /k/ is written with “c” and “ch”:
+ “ch” is written after 3 vowels: a, ê, i. Ví dụ: khách, ếch, thích,...
+ “c” is written after other vowels. Ví dụ: khác, bác, bắc, học, ốc, úc, thuốc, được, nước,...
(7) Final sound /w/ is written with “o” and “u”:
+ “o” is written after 2 vowels: a, e. Ví dụ: chào, mèo, sao, nghèo,...
+ “u” is written after other vowels. Ví dụ: sau, nếu, yêu, rượu, hưu, chiều,....
(Final sound /w/ doesn’t go with o, ô, u, uô).
(8) Final sound /j/ is written with “i” and “y”:
+ “y” is written after 2 short vowels: ă, â. Ví dụ: này, đây, ngày, ấy,....
+ “i” is written after other vowels (long vowels). Ví dụ: mai, ơi, vui, tối, hỏi, gửi, nói,....
(Final sound /i/ doesn’t go with e, ê, i, iê, yê).
P/S:
Please DO NOT reupload our post on any social platforms without our permission.
Thank you so much!