Vietnamese vowels

[Hiền Chi]

I. There are 11 vowels in the Vietnamese phonetic system
a is pronounced as "a" in "car"
ă ----------------- "u" in "cut". (short vowel)
â ----------------- "er" in "may". (short vowel)
e ----------------- "e" in "empty"
ê ----------------- "a" in "take"
i/y ----------------- "i" in "in"
o ----------------- "o" in "boy"
ô ----------------- "o" in "home"
ơ ----------------- "er" in "her"
u ----------------- "oo" in "zoo"
ư ----------------- no similar sound
a (short vowel), (write a letter, but the sound is diffirent from the a letter) is pronouced as "a" in "back".
II. There are 3 dipthongs:
1. /u͜o/ is written with 2 letters: ua, uô-
+) "ua" is written in a syllable which has no final sounds: chua, mua, cua,....
+) " uô-" is written in a syllable which has final sounds: muốn, chuối, thuốc,...
2. /ɯ͜ɤ/ is written with 2 letters: ưa, ươ-
+) "ưa" is written in a syllable which has no final sounds: chữa, mưa, cửa,....
+) " ươ-" is written in a syllable which has final sounds: người, cười, được,...
3. /i͜e/ is written with 4 letters: iê-, yê-, -ya, ia
+) "ia" is written in a syllable which has no final sounds: mía, bia, kia,....
+) " iê-" is written in a syllable which has final sounds: tiền, tiếng, Việt,...
+) "-ya" is written in a syllable which has semi- vowel u and no final sounds: khuya.
+) " -yê-" is written in a syllable which has semi- vowel u and final sounds: huyền, tuyết,...
"iê-", "yê-", "uô-", "ươ-" which "ê", "ô", "ơ" is pronounced stronger.

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